National League for Nursing (NLN PAX) Practice Exam

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Which particle can be stopped by a sheet of paper?

Alpha particle
Beta particle
Gamma ray
Cosmic ray

The correct answer is: Alpha particle

An alpha particle is composed of two protons and two neutrons, making it relatively large and heavy compared to other types of radiation. Due to its charge and mass, an alpha particle interacts strongly with matter, losing its energy quickly when it encounters materials. A common way to shield against alpha particles is with a sheet of paper, which is sufficient to stop them. In contrast, beta particles, which are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons, can penetrate paper and require denser materials for effective shielding. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation with much higher energy and can pass through paper, requiring thicker layers of lead or concrete for effective attenuation. Cosmic rays consist of high-energy particles from outer space and are also highly penetrating, needing substantial shielding. Thus, the unique properties of alpha particles allow them to be effectively stopped by a thin barrier like paper.